2019年4月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题
课程代码：00830
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2%×10=20%)
1. Linguistics is generally defined as the study of language.
A. synchronic B. scientific C. specific D. diachronic
2. aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.
A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Phone D. Phoneme
3. The American SLA scholar proposed the distinction between acquisition and learning.
A. F. de Saussure B.N. Chomsky
C. S. Krashen D.B.F. Skinner
4. The basic unit in the study of morphology is
A. phone B. word C. phoneme D. morpheme
5. One of major mental functions controlled by the right hemisphere of the brain is
A. temporal ordering B. holistic reasoning
C. calculation D. analytic reasoning
6. Traditionally the three major types of sentences are , and sentences.
A. full / partial / incomplete B. affirmative / interrogative / imperative
C. positive / negative / neutral D. simple / coordinate or compound / complex
7. In sociolinguistics, the more standard variety is called the variety, which is used for more formal or serious matters, such as speeches made in government, the media, school, or church.
A. Iow B. high C. authoritative D. official
8. The sense relation that holds between the two wordsfiower and rose is
A. polysemy B. homonymy C. hyponymy D. synonymy
9. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract, and decontextualized, the meaning of a(n)
is concrete, and context-dependent.
A. word B. phrase C. idiom D. utterance
10. Historical linguistics is the subfield of linguistics that studies language change, therefore, it mainly adopts a approach.
A. diachronic B. synchronic C. descriptive D. prescriptive
II. Directions: Fill in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)
11. D features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.
12. English consonants can be classified either in terms of m of articulation or in terms of place of articulation.
13. Language acquisition is concerned with language d in humans.
14. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and a
15. The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called h , one on the right and one on the left.
16. The theory of Case Condition accounts for the fact that n phrases appear only in subject and object positions.
17. A particular r may be used by a particular group of people, usually sharing the same occupation like doctors, teachers, and lawyers, or the same interests, such as stamp collectors, football fans.
18. R means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
19. According to John Austin, p were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state and were not verifiable.
20. It is generally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods of O English, Middle English and Modem English.
III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the ANSWER SHEET. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)
21. According to F. de Saussure, parole is concrete, while langue is abstract.
22. There are two nasals in English: [m] [n].
23. Studies of the effect of formal instruction in general support the hypothesis that instruction decides SLA.
24. Since a compound is a word, its components cannot be written separately.
25. For most individuals, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, regardless of handiness.
26. The arrangement of words in a linear sequence entails that sentences are simply linearly -structured.
27. A euphemism is a mild, direct or less offensive word or expression substituted when the speaker or writer fears more indirect wording might be harsh, unpleasantly offensive.
28. When two words are identical in spelling, they are homophones.
29. If one says what he believes to be false, he violates the maxim of quantity.
30. The most vigorous and on-going change in the historical development of a language is the change in its vocabulary.
IV. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%×10=30%)
31. applied linguistics
32. International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
33. language transfer
34. inflectional affixes
35. linguistic lateralization
36. branching nodes
37. semantics
38. illocutionary act
39. historical linguistics
40. lingua franca
V. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)
41. Of the two media of language, speech and writing, which is more basic in the view of modem linguistics? Explain the reasons.
42. What are the major views concerning the study of meaning? Explain them briefly.
